Paramount Skydance disclosed 38.5% equity ownership by three Middle Eastern sovereign funds in its merger filing with Warner Bros. Discovery, triggering concurrent regulatory reviews in Brussels and Washington. The filing, submitted May 1, places total foreign ownership at 49.5% of the combined entity's equity, while the Ellison family and RedBird Capital maintain voting control through a dual-class structure. The European Commission opened a Phase I antitrust investigation within 72 hours.
The three funds—Qatar Investment Authority, Abu Dhabi's Mubadala, and Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund—hold positions structured as non-voting equity with board observation rights. The $52 billion enterprise value merger, announced in February, creates the third-largest Hollywood studio by library size and the second-largest by streaming subscriber count. The FCC received a companion filing requesting exemption under the foreign ownership review threshold, which Representative Sam Liccardo (D-CA) publicly opposed within 18 hours of publication. The congressman chairs the House Communications Subcommittee.
The structure matters because it separates economic exposure from governance in a sector Washington has historically ring-fenced. Paramount's filing argues the Ellisons retain 87% of voting shares, meeting the statutory control test under the Communications Act. The Middle Eastern stakes are passive, convertible only upon transfer to a US-domiciled entity, with redemption triggers tied to content-policy breaches defined in the shareholder agreement. The EU's concern is different: market concentration in theatrical distribution across 11 member states where the combined entity would control between 34% and 41% of release slates, depending on the territory. Brussels has 25 working days to escalate to Phase II or clear with conditions.
Operators should note three immediate dependencies. First, the FCC historically takes 180 to 240 days on foreign ownership reviews involving media assets, which pushes final approval into Q4 2026 at the earliest. Second, the EU can impose structural remedies—likely divestiture of specific distribution contracts or theatrical windows—that reduce the deal's financial logic for the funds, introducing a repricing risk before close. Third, the Middle Eastern investors hold $11.2 billion in convertible instruments across the broader Paramount-WBD capital stack, creating downside exposure if regulatory friction delays integration cost capture. The shareholder agreement includes a $1.8 billion reverse termination fee if antitrust clearance fails, payable by the Ellison-RedBird group.
The next checkpoint is the EU's preliminary findings, expected by June 12, followed by the FCC's public comment period closing June 30. Qatar Investment Authority separately filed a 13G on April 28 disclosing a 4.9% passive stake in Comcast, suggesting broader sovereign repositioning into US media infrastructure as traditional studio leverage compresses.